Alfred Wegener produced the Plate Tectonic Theory in attempt to explain the continental drift. The Plate Tectonic Theory is a name of how tectonic plates make up the lithosphere and how they break and rejoin in certain places. Wegener believed this was also related to geology and the change of earth and transitions in rock cycles.
Volcanoes are openings in the earth's surface that can spew molten rock. J. Tuzo Wilson made the hypothesis volcanoes were made from hot spots. Hot spots are magma that reaches through the Crust onto the Earth’s surface. Volcanoes are also dependent on plate movement. The kind of plate boundary can change the type of volcano.
There are three different kinds: composite, shield and rift volcanoes. Many volcanoes will be found on plate boundaries because that is where there is the most movement collisions of plates. If a tectonic plate continues to move over a hot spot, it can create new volcanic islands. This would normally happen over seas and would be called a volcanic island arc because the volcanoes are in a relative line. If there would to be only volcanoes (compared to islands) in a line, this would be called a volcanic belt.
When earthquakes occur, it is because tectonic plates are sliding against each other, while causing friction because of its opposition to convection currents. The earthquake happens when the force bears to be too much, and the plates release energy that rattles the crust. From this, faults, which are rock layers that have been collapsed by the earthquake, are formed. The crust straight over the focus is called the epicentre. If the fault happens at the borders of a plate, the fault is called a transform fault.
95 percent of earthquakes take place on plate boundaries.
Mountain belts are formed of converging (colliding) plates that have sides of whom collapse and are pushed upwards, forming mountains.
Trenches are deep ocean valleys that are structured when a continental plate and a oceanic tectonic plate converge. The oceanic plate is then subducted under the continental plate.
Mid-ocean ridges occur because of spreading ridges, which is when older rock is broken apart by the force of magma coming from below it, occurs in the ocean floor. This action is called mantle convection but the rock that is broken apart is the ridge. If this happens on land, it's called a rift valley.
Subduction zones are the areas where subduction happens (a plate pushed under another plate). Theses zones frequently experience earthquakes because there is so much energy being created there. As the subduction zones move over hot spots, as mentioned before, a volcanic island arc is formed.
Magnetic reversal is when the earth's magnetic fields change their course to the opposite way. This process is very slow and will take thousands of years.
When rocks form, they keep their original direction of the magnetic field. While scientists were studying paleomagnetism(the study of the magnification of old rocks)they found the sea floor has a pattern of strips of rocks that had opposite magnification of the one beside it. The ocean floor has varying magnetic fields. The scientists named this pattern magnetic striping.
A spreading ridge, as defined above, was suggested by Harry Hess. A spreading ridge was the cause of the magnetic striping because it gave a "stripe" of new rock to the ocean floor. This would have been thousands of years after the original rock so then the new rock would have the opposite magnetic field. This also means the newest rock there would be at the ridge because it was recently formed.
Alfred Wegener produced the Plate Tectonic Theory in attempt to explain the continental drift. The Plate Tectonic Theory is a name of how tectonic plates make up the lithosphere and how they break and rejoin in certain places. Wegener believed this was also related to geology and the change of earth and transitions in rock cycles.
Volcanoes are openings in the earth's surface that can spew molten rock. J. Tuzo Wilson made the hypothesis volcanoes were made from hot spots. Hot spots are magma that reaches through the Crust onto the Earth’s surface. Volcanoes are also dependent on plate movement. The kind of plate boundary can change the type of volcano.
There are three different kinds: composite, shield and rift volcanoes. Many volcanoes will be found on plate boundaries because that is where there is the most movement collisions of plates. If a tectonic plate continues to move over a hot spot, it can create new volcanic islands. This would normally happen over seas and would be called a volcanic island arc because the volcanoes are in a relative line. If there would to be only volcanoes (compared to islands) in a line, this would be called a volcanic belt.
When earthquakes occur, it is because tectonic plates are sliding against each other, while causing friction because of its opposition to convection currents. The earthquake happens when the force bears to be too much, and the plates release energy that rattles the crust. From this, faults, which are rock layers that have been collapsed by the earthquake, are formed. The crust straight over the focus is called the epicentre. If the fault happens at the borders of a plate, the fault is called a transform fault.
95 percent of earthquakes take place on plate boundaries.
Mountain belts are formed of converging (colliding) plates that have sides of whom collapse and are pushed upwards, forming mountains.
Trenches are deep ocean valleys that are structured when a continental plate and a oceanic tectonic plate converge. The oceanic plate is then subducted under the continental plate.
Mid-ocean ridges occur because of spreading ridges, which is when older rock is broken apart by the force of magma coming from below it, occurs in the ocean floor. This action is called mantle convection but the rock that is broken apart is the ridge. If this happens on land, it's called a rift valley.
Subduction zones are the areas where subduction happens (a plate pushed under another plate). Theses zones frequently experience earthquakes because there is so much energy being created there. As the subduction zones move over hot spots, as mentioned before, a volcanic island arc is formed.
Magnetic reversal is when the earth's magnetic fields change their course to the opposite way. This process is very slow and will take thousands of years.
When rocks form, they keep their original direction of the magnetic field. While scientists were studying paleomagnetism(the study of the magnification of old rocks)they found the sea floor has a pattern of strips of rocks that had opposite magnification of the one beside it. The ocean floor has varying magnetic fields. The scientists named this pattern magnetic striping.
A spreading ridge, as defined above, was suggested by Harry Hess. A spreading ridge was the cause of the magnetic striping because it gave a "stripe" of new rock to the ocean floor. This would have been thousands of years after the original rock so then the new rock would have the opposite magnetic field. This also means the newest rock there would be at the ridge because it was recently formed.
Alfred Wegener produced the Plate Tectonic Theory in attempt to explain the continental drift. The Plate Tectonic Theory is a name of how tectonic plates make up the lithosphere and how they break and rejoin in certain places. Wegener believed this was also related to geology and the change of earth and transitions in rock cycles.
Volcanoes are openings in the earth's surface that can spew molten rock. J. Tuzo Wilson made the hypothesis volcanoes were made from hot spots. Hot spots are magma that reaches through the Crust onto the Earth’s surface. Volcanoes are also dependent on plate movement. The kind of plate boundary can change the type of volcano.
There are three different kinds: composite, shield and rift volcanoes. Many volcanoes will be found on plate boundaries because that is where there is the most movement collisions of plates. If a tectonic plate continues to move over a hot spot, it can create new volcanic islands. This would normally happen over seas and would be called a volcanic island arc because the volcanoes are in a relative line. If there would to be only volcanoes (compared to islands) in a line, this would be called a volcanic belt.
When earthquakes occur, it is because tectonic plates are sliding against each other, while causing friction because of its opposition to convection currents. The earthquake happens when the force bears to be too much, and the plates release energy that rattles the crust. From this, faults, which are rock layers that have been collapsed by the earthquake, are formed. The crust straight over the focus is called the epicentre. If the fault happens at the borders of a plate, the fault is called a transform fault.
95 percent of earthquakes take place on plate boundaries.
Mountain belts are formed of converging (colliding) plates that have sides of whom collapse and are pushed upwards, forming mountains.
Trenches are deep ocean valleys that are structured when a continental plate and a oceanic tectonic plate converge. The oceanic plate is then subducted under the continental plate.
Mid-ocean ridges occur because of spreading ridges, which is when older rock is broken apart by the force of magma coming from below it, occurs in the ocean floor. This action is called mantle convection but the rock that is broken apart is the ridge. If this happens on land, it's called a rift valley.
Subduction zones are the areas where subduction happens (a plate pushed under another plate). Theses zones frequently experience earthquakes because there is so much energy being created there. As the subduction zones move over hot spots, as mentioned before, a volcanic island arc is formed.
Magnetic reversal is when the earth's magnetic fields change their course to the opposite way. This process is very slow and will take thousands of years.
When rocks form, they keep their original direction of the magnetic field. While scientists were studying paleomagnetism(the study of the magnification of old rocks)they found the sea floor has a pattern of strips of rocks that had opposite magnification of the one beside it. The ocean floor has varying magnetic fields. The scientists named this pattern magnetic striping.
A spreading ridge, as defined above, was suggested by Harry Hess. A spreading ridge was the cause of the magnetic striping because it gave a "stripe" of new rock to the ocean floor. This would have been thousands of years after the original rock so then the new rock would have the opposite magnetic field. This also means the newest rock there would be at the ridge because it was recently formed.
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